ISC 2025 Legal Studies Improvement Examination Question Paper for Class 12

About this paper

This is the ISC Class 12 Legal Studies paper (code 881) from the 2025 Improvement Examination set by CISCE. It carries 70 marks, runs for three hours plus fifteen minutes of reading time, and has twelve compulsory questions. Section A has fourteen one-mark parts. Section B has seven four-mark questions, two of them with an internal choice, and Section C has four seven-mark questions, one with an internal choice. Section B includes a short account of Hussainara Khatoon and undertrial prisoners in Bihar. Section C opens with the Oleum gas leak and asks how that Supreme Court principle differs from Rylands v. Fletcher. The optional seven-mark question is on vicarious liability or the essentials of a valid contract. This copy has the questions only.

Exam

ISC Class 12

Subject

Legal Studies

Year

2025

Paper code

881

Maximum marks

70

Time allowed

3 hours + 15 min reading

Questions

12

Pages

8

Answers included

No, questions only

Paper pattern

• Section A

  14 marks

  Question 1: 14 one-mark parts, including multiple choice, assertion–reason and principle-and-fact items

• Section B

  28 marks

  Questions 2–8, four marks each; internal choice in two questions

• Section C

  28 marks

  Questions 9–12, seven marks each, including the Oleum gas leak; internal choice in one question

Topics covered

• Cheating under the Indian Penal Code
• Motive and intention
• Article 15 and equality
• Battery and negligence
• National Green Tribunal
• Ratio decidendi and obiter dicta
• Transfer of Property Act and actionable claims
• Hussainara Khatoon and Article 21
• Attempt and robbery
• National Human Rights Commission
• Free consent, fraud and misrepresentation
• Strict and absolute liability

Questions from this paper

1. Explain an actionable claim as defined under the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, and cite two examples.
2. In Hussainara Khatoon v. Home Secretary, State of Bihar, name and briefly explain the writ used under Article 32, and discuss the relevance of Article 21 to the case.
3. Tuhin, Alex and Lokesh bought masks, ropes, a gun and tear gas in order to rob a bank, and were arrested before the robbery. Identify and explain the type of crime they committed.
4. “During litigation, nothing new should be introduced.” Name the doctrine under the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, and state any three of its essentials.
5. Which principle of tort was laid down by the Supreme Court in the Oleum gas leak case? How does it differ from the principle in Rylands v. Fletcher?
6. Explain the essentials of a valid contract.