ISC 2025 Environmental Science Improvement Examination Question Paper for Class 12

About this paper

This is the ISC Class 12 Environmental Science paper (code 877) set by CISCE for the 2025 Improvement Examination. It carries 70 marks, runs for three hours plus fifteen minutes of reading time, and has twelve compulsory questions in three sections. Section A has fourteen one-mark items, including multiple-choice, assertion–reason, analogies, expanded forms and define-the-term questions. Section B has seven four-mark short answers and Section C four seven-mark long answers, with internal choices in two Section B questions and one Section C question. Questions draw on quotations and short cases, such as a newspaper extract on globalisation after Covid-19, M. S. Swaminathan on agriculture, a poem on water pollution and a resort proposal judged with an evaluation tool. This copy has the questions only.

Exam

ISC Class 12

Subject

Environmental Science

Year

2025

Paper code

877

Maximum marks

70

Time allowed

3 hours + 15 min reading

Questions

12

Pages

8

Answers included

No, questions only

Paper pattern

• Section A

  14 marks

  Question 1: 14 one-mark subparts – multiple-choice, assertion–reason, analogies, naming, expanded forms and terms

• Section B

  28 marks

  Questions 2–8, short answers of four marks each; internal choice in two questions

• Section C

  28 marks

  Questions 9–12, long answers of seven marks each; internal choice in one question

Topics covered

• Population ecology and survivorship curves
• Sustainable agriculture and integrated pest management
• Water quality
• Ecosystem services and conservation
• Globalisation, WTO and protectionism
• Foreign aid and externalities
• Dry toilets
• Barry Commoner's laws of ecology
• Air sampling and irrigation systems
• Green Revolution and colonial agriculture
• Cost benefit analysis and environmental economics

Questions from this paper

1. What is IPM? Explain any three ways by which it is implemented.
2. Briefly discuss any two advantages and any two disadvantages of tied aid.
3. Name and explain any four factors that determine the size of a population.
4. In the light of the Covid-19 pandemic, examine the role of globalisation in causing a health crisis across the world.
5. Briefly discuss any three techniques of air sampling.
6. Briefly examine the role of the Green Revolution in solving the food crisis in post-independent India.